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The grate of the waste incinerator is the core component of the mechanical grate incinerator, and its design directly affects the efficiency of waste combustion and the treatment effect.
As the core combustion component, the material selection of the waste incinerator grate needs to take into account factors such as wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and economy. The main materials include high-chromium cast iron and alloy cast steel.
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The material of the grate in the incinerator has a significant impact on the incineration effect. The properties such as high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal expansion, heat conductivity, and mechanical strength of the grate directly determine the service life, combustion stability, waste treatment efficiency, and pollutant emission level of the grate. The following are the specific impacts and analyses:
The core influence of material properties on the incineration effect
Heat resistance
Impact: The temperature inside the incinerator usually ranges from 850 to 1200 degrees. The grate needs to withstand high temperatures for a long time without softening, deforming or breaking.
Case: Ordinary carbon steel will undergo significant creep at temperatures above 600 degrees. However, high-temperature alloy steel (such as H13, 310S) can operate stably up to 1200 degrees, ensuring the integrity of the grate structure.
Consequence: If the material is not resistant to high temperatures, it will cause the grate plates to bend and get stuck, thereby affecting the waste propulsion and combustion efficiency.
Corrosion resistance
Impact: The corrosive gases such as SO₂, HCl, and Cl₂ in the flue gas will undergo chemical reactions with the surface of the grate, resulting in oxidation, pitting corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.
Case: The corrosion rate of untreated ordinary steel in a chlorine-containing environment can reach 0.5 mm per year, while the corrosion rate of nickel-based alloys (such as Inconel 625) can be reduced to 0.01 mm per year.
Consequences: Corrosion will shorten the lifespan of the grate, increase the frequency of shutdown for maintenance, and even lead to safety accidents.
Thermal expansion and thermal fatigue
Impact: When the grate frequently undergoes start-stop operations or load variations, temperature fluctuations will cause thermal stress cycles, potentially leading to cracks or peeling.
Case: The cast iron grate has a low thermal expansion coefficient, but it is brittle and prone to cracking due to thermal shock; while forged alloy steel (such as 16Mn) can improve its toughness through heat treatment and resist thermal fatigue.
Consequence: Thermal fatigue will reduce the sealing performance of the grate, resulting in air leakage or uneven combustion.
Thermal conductivity
Impact: The grate needs to transfer heat to the waste layer to facilitate drying and combustion. Materials with poor thermal conductivity can lead to localized overheating or delayed combustion.
Case: The thermal conductivity of copper alloy (approximately 400 W/m·K) is 8 times that of carbon steel (50 W/m·K). It can conduct heat quickly and uniformly, but the cost is relatively high.
Optimization: Typically, a carbon steel substrate is combined with a surface coating (such as ceramic) to achieve a balance between thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.
Mechanical strength and wear resistance
Impact: The grate needs to bear the weight of the waste, the pushing force, and its own vibration. Materials with poor wear resistance will accelerate wear, resulting in increased gaps, material leakage or jamming.
Case: The hardness of high-chromium cast iron (Cr26) reaches HRC60, and its wear resistance is five times that of ordinary steel. It is suitable for processing waste containing sand and stones.
Consequence: Wear and tear will reduce the movement accuracy of the grate and affect the combustion control.
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1. 20 years of experience in casting cast iron plate, quality assurance, timely delivery
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